INFO: Extracting Error Information from ADO in VC++ with #import

MORE INFORMATION

Often the Errors Collection returns an HRESULT in either hexadecimal format, for example, 0x80004005, or as a long value, for example, -2147467259. These HRESULTS can be raised by underlying components such as OLE-DB or even OLE itself. When this is the case, it may be confusing since these codes are not documented in the ADO online documentation. However, frequently encountered HRESULTS can be found in the Microsoft Knowledge Base article listed in the REFERENCES section.

The documentation for the ADO Error object indicates that the Errors Collection is populated if any error occurs within ADO or its underlying provider. This is somewhat incorrect. Depending on the source of the error, or even bugs in the underyling provider to ADO (OLE-DB) or within ADO itself, the errors collection may not be populated. You need to track the HRESULT returned by many ADO methods, as well as if the _com_error exception has been raised by #import generated classes.

The Errors Collection is available only off the Connection object, so you need to initialize ADO off of a Connection object. Following is sample code that demonstrates how to open a connection and report any errors encountered, as well as handling Exceptions, and cracking the returned HRESULT:

// Obtain the error message for a given HRESULT
   CString LogCrackHR( HRESULT hr )
   {
      LPVOID  lpMsgBuf;
      CString strTmp;

      ::FormatMessage( FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
                       FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
                       NULL,
                       hr,
                       MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
                       (LPTSTR) &lpMsgBuf,
                       0,
                       NULL );

        // STR_TMP is defined within LOG.CPP to provide safe format string
        // for both ANSI and UNICODE
        strTmp.Format( "%s", (char *) lpMsgBuf );


      // Free the buffer.
      ::LocalFree( lpMsgBuf );

      return strTmp;
   }

   // Obtain information from the Errors Collection.
   HRESULT LogAdoErrorImport(_ConnectionPtr pConn)
   {
      ErrorsPtr   pErrors = NULL;
      ErrorPtr    pError  = NULL;
      CString     strTmp;
      HRESULT     hr = (HRESULT) 0L;
      long        nCount;

      // Don't have an un-handled exception in the handler that
      // handles exceptions!
      try
      {
         pErrors = pConn->GetErrors();

         nCount = pErrors->GetCount();

         for( long i = 0; (!FAILED(hr)) && (i < nCount); i++ )
         {
            TRACE( "\t Dumping ADO Error %d of %d", i+1, nCount );

            hr = pErrors->get_Item((_variant_t)((long)i), &pError );

            _bstr_t bstrSource     ( pError->GetSource()      );
            _bstr_t bstrDescription( pError->GetDescription() );
            _bstr_t bstrHelpFile   ( pError->GetHelpFile()    );
            _bstr_t bstrSQLState   ( pError->GetSQLState()    );

            TRACE( "\t\t Number      = %ld", pError->GetNumber()       );
            TRACE( "\t\t Source      = %s",  (LPCTSTR) bstrSource      );
            TRACE( "\t\t Description = %s",  (LPCTSTR) bstrDescription );
            TRACE( "\t\t HelpFile    = %s",  (LPCTSTR) bstrHelpFile    );
            TRACE( "\t\t HelpContext = %ld", pError->GetHelpContext()  );
            TRACE( "\t\t SQLState    = %s",  (LPCTSTR) bstrSQLState    );
            TRACE( "\t\t HelpContext = %ld", pError->GetHelpContext()  );
            TRACE( "\t\t NativeError = %ld", pError->GetNativeError()  );
         }
      }
      catch( CException *e )
      {
         TRACE( "*** UNABLE TO LOG EXCEPTION ***" );
         e->Delete();
      }
      catch(...)
      {
         TRACE( "*** UNABLE TO LOG EXCEPTION ***" );
      }

      if( pErrors ) pErrors->Release();
      if( pError  ) pError->Release();

      return hr;
   }

   void CAdoDemoDlg::OnAdoTest()
   {
      HRESULT         hr = S_OK;
      _ConnectionPtr  pConn;

      hr = ::CoInitialize( NULL );

      if( !FAILED( hr ) )
         hr = pConn.CreateInstance( __uuidof( Connection ) );

      // The following exception handling assumes a valid Connection
      // object, so drop out if we couldn't create one for any reason.
      if ( FAILED(hr) )
         return;

      try
      {

         // ... Your code goes here.

         pConn->Close();

         // For any error condition, dump results to TRACE.
         // You may get a failure that does not raise an exception.
         // The ADO Errors collection will likely be empty, but
         // check anyway.
         if( FAILED( hr ) )
         {
            TRACE( "*** HRESULT ***" );
            TRACE( LogCrackHR( hr )  );

            LogAdoErrorImport( pConn );
         }
      }
      catch( CException *e )
      {
         TRACE( "*** Unhandled MFC Exception ***" );
         e->Delete();
      }
      catch( _com_error &e )
      {
         // Crack _com_error
         _bstr_t bstrSource(e.Source());
         _bstr_t bstrDescription(e.Description());

         TRACE( "Exception thrown for classes generated by #import" );
         TRACE( "\tCode = %08lx\n",      e.Error());
         TRACE( "\tCode meaning = %s\n", e.ErrorMessage());
         TRACE( "\tSource = %s\n",       (LPCTSTR) bstrSource);
         TRACE( "\tDescription = %s\n",  (LPCTSTR) bstrDescription);

         // Errors Collection may not always be populated.
         if( FAILED( hr ) )
         {
            TRACE( "*** HRESULT ***" );
            TRACE( LogCrackHR( hr )  );
         }

         // Crack Errors Collection.
         LogAdoErrorImport(pConn);
      }
      catch(...)
      {
         TRACE( "*** Unhandled Exception ***" );
      }
   }